There’s no such thing as a “perfect battery.” The best way to find an ideal battery for a given application is to find one that offers the right combination of duration, cost, and performance. There are several important questions to ask when trying to find the right battery for your needs.
A battery may be discharged under different modes, depending on the equipment load. The discharge mode selected will have a significant impact on the service life of a battery in a specified application. The three typical modes under which a battery may be discharged are:
“Self-discharge” can refer to the shelf-life of a primary cell or the rate of loss of charge in a rechargeable battery. A battery is said to be “no good” when cannot deliver at least 60-80% of its rated capacity, depending on the battery type.
Note: Higher ambient temperatures during storage will significantly reduce the shelf life of all batteries.
Seven-hour fast charges are possible for most secondary chemistries.
Not all lithium batteries are the same! Never use a charger that was not designed for the battery in question. Every charger is specially tailored for use with a specific type of lithium chemistry.
Temperature is an often overlooked aspect of battery performance. However, it should be a major consideration when selecting a battery. Batteries do not charge or discharge well at low temperatures, and high temperatures are detrimental to shelf life (self-discharge—see below).
Most batteries perform best in the 20° to 60°C (68° to 140°F) range.
Lithium primary cells do better than most chemistries at both temperature extremes
Fuel gauge is an integrated circuit that can be installed in a lithium ion or other type of battery pack that keeps track of the amount of charge remaining.
Cause the self-discharge rate of all battery and battery cell types increases with ambient temperature, it is best to store batteries in a cool, dry environment where temperatures do not exceed 25°C (77°F).
For best possible cell life, a lithium battery pack should ideally be stored with a SOC of roughly 50%.
Cylindrical secondary batteries are typically enclosed in a steel tube that is 18mm in diameter and 65mm long. These are commonly referred to as 18650 cells.
This nomenclature is used to define a battery pack’s configuration.
For example, 3S4P means 3 cells in Series, and 4 cells in Parallel. This particularly configuration would yield a 11.1V output with four times the capacity of a single cell.
Yes. For safety reasons, all rechargeable lithium cells must include a protection circuit that prevents over-charging, over-discharging, and over-current (short circuit).
Over temperature protection is also a common feature.
Rechargeable lithium cells offer greater energy density than most other battery chemistries, such as nickel metal hydride or lead acid.
As portable electronics continue to evolve, the weight of devices continues to shrink. In many applications, the battery or battery pack is the heaviest component in a portable electronic device.
In general, carbon-based batteries are lighter than alkaline batteries, but provide lesser performance.
Lithium battery cells are lighter than other primary chemistries. For example, a AAA alkaline battery weighs roughly 12 grams, while a AAA lithium battery weighs only 8 grams. Additionally, lithium cells generally provide superior shelf life and performance
Li-ion and lithium polymer batteries are far lighter than other rechargeable batteries of the same size and have helped improve the portability of many electronic devices.
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